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第86章（第1页）

英国使团提出要求在中国派驻英国使节，遭到拒绝。乾隆命英国使团在回国前纵穿中国，以令夷人了解&ldo;天朝盛世&rdo;的&ldo;富强&rdo;。马戛尔尼回国后，根据他纵穿中国，对社会阶层的所见所闻，在提交给政府的报告书中作出了结论：中国科学极度落后，人民普遍贫穷，军队不像军队，腐败处处可见。他指出，&ldo;清政府的政策跟自负有关，它很想凌驾各国，但目光极为短浅，只知道防止人民智力进步&rdo;，同时预言&ldo;鞑靼王朝将继续压制人民，并将发生变乱&rdo;。乾隆命英使纵穿中国，本是为让夷人震惊&ldo;天朝上国&rdo;的&ldo;富强&rdo;，但是，认真的英国人马戛尔尼并没有被清廷官府豪华的排场所迷惑，对所谓&ldo;乾隆盛世&rdo;得出了否定的结论。他归国后的报告，使英国开始掂出了清帝国的斤两。这里，有兴趣的朋友可以详细看一看乾隆对乔治三世的答复

乾隆致英王乔治三世书（汉英对照）

奉天承运皇帝敕谕英咭利国王知悉，咨尔国王远在重洋，倾心向化，特遣使恭赍表章，航海来廷，叩祝万寿，并备进方物，用将忱悃。

you，okg，livebeyondthenfesofanyseas，nevertheless，ipelledbyyourhubledesiretopartakeofthebenefitsofourcivilization，youhavedispatchedaissionrespectfullybeargyourorialyourenvoyhascrossedtheseasandpaidhisrespectsatyurtontheanniversaryofybirthdaytoshowyourdevotion，youhavealsentoffergsofyouruntry&39;sproduce

朕披阅表文，词意肫恳，具见尔国王恭顺之诚，深为嘉许。所有赍到表贡之正副使臣，念其奉使远涉，推恩加礼。已令大臣带领瞻觐，赐予筵宴，叠加赏赉，用示怀柔。其已回珠山之管船官役人等六百余名，虽未来京，朕亦优加赏赐，俾得普沾恩惠，一视同仁。

ihaveperedyourorial:theearnestterswhichitisuchedrevealarespectfulhuilityonyourpart，whichishighlypraiseworthynsiderationofthefactthatyourabassadorandhisdeputyhaveealongwaywithyourorialandtribute，ihaveshownthehighfavourandhaveallowedthetobetroducedtoypresencetoanifestydulnce，ihaveentertaedtheatabanetandadethenurogiftsihavealcaedpresentstobeforwardedtothenavalanderandsixhundredofhisofficersandn，althoughtheydidnotetopekg，thattheytooayshareyallebracgkdness

至尔国王表内恳请派一尔国之人住居天朝，照管尔国买卖一节，此则与天朝体制不合，断不可行。向来西洋各国有愿来天朝当差之人，原准其来京，但既来之后，即遵用天朝服色，安置堂内，永远不准复回本国，此系天朝定制，想尔国王亦所知悉。今尔国王欲求派一尔国之人居住京城，既不能若来京当差之西洋人，在京居住不归本国，又不可听其往来，常通信息，实为无益之事。

astoyourentreatytosendoneofyournationalstobeareditedtoycelestialurtandtobentrolofyouruntry&39;stradewithcha，thisreestisntrarytoallaofydynastyandcannotpossiblybeentertaeditistruethateuropeans，theserviceofthedynasty，havebeenperittedtoliveatpekg，buttheyarepelledtoadoptchesedress，theyarestrictlynfedtotheirownprecctsandareneverperittedtoreturnhoyouarepresuablyfailiarwithourdynasticregulationsyourproposedenvoytoyurtuldnotbeplacedapositionsiilartothatofeuropeanofficialspekgwhoareforbiddentoleavecha，noruldhe，ontheotherhand，beallowedlibertyofoventandtheprivileofrrespondgwithhisownuntry;thatyouwouldganothgbyhisresidenceouridst

且天朝所管地方至为广远，凡外藩使臣到京，驿馆供给，行止出入，俱有一定体制，从无听其自便之例。今尔国若留人在京，言语不通，服饰殊制，无地可以安置。若必似来京当差之西洋人，令其一律改易服饰，天朝亦不肯强人以所难。设天朝欲差人常驻尔国，亦岂尔国所能遵行？况西洋诸国甚多，非止尔一国。若俱似尔国王恳请派人留京，岂能一一听许？是此事断断难行。岂能因尔国王一人之请，以至更张天朝百余年法度。若云尔国王为照料买卖起见，则尔国人在澳门贸易非止一日，原无不加以恩视。即如从前博尔都噶尔亚（葡萄牙），意达哩亚等国屡次遣使来朝，亦曾以照料贸易为请。天朝鉴其悃忱，优加体恤。凡遇该国等贸易之事，无不照料周备。前次广东商人吴昭平有拖欠洋船价值银两者，俱饬令该管总督由官库内先行动支帑项代为清还，并将拖欠商人重治其罪。想此事尔国亦闻知矣。外国又何必派人留京，为此越例断不可行之请，况留人在京，距澳门贸易处所几及万里，伊亦何能照料耶？

oreover，ourcelestialdynastypossessesvastterritories，andtributeissionsfrothedependenciesareprovidedforbythedepartntfortributarystates，whichisterstotheirwantsandexercisesstrictntrolovertheiroventsitwouldbeiteipossibletoleavethetotheirowndevicessupposgthatyourenvoyshouldetooururt，hislanguaandnationaldressdifferfrothatofourpeople，andtherewouldbenoplacewhichtobestowhiitaybesugstedthatheightiitatetheeuropeansperanentlyresidentpekgandadoptthedressandctosofcha，but，ithasneverbeenourdynasty&39;swishtoforcepeopletodothgsunseelyandnvenientbesides，supposgisentanabassadortoresideyouruntry，howuldyoupossiblyakeforhithereisitearrannts?europensistsofanyothernationsbesidesyourown:ifeachandalldeandedtoberepresentedatoururt，howuldwepossiblynsent?thethgisutterlyipracticablehowcanourdynastyalteritswholeprocedureandsysteofetiette，establi射dfororethanacentury，ordertoetyourdividualviews?ifitbesaidthatyourobjectistoexercisentroloveryouruntry&39;strade，yournationalshavehadfulllibertytotradeatcantonforanyayear，andhavereceivedthegreatestnsiderationatourhandsissionshavebeensentbyportugalanditaly，preferrgsiilarreeststhethroneappreciatedtheirscerityandloadedthewithfavours，besidesauthorisgasurestofacilitatetheirtradewithchayouarenodoubtawarethat，whenycantonr插nt，wu插opg，wasdebttotheforeignships，iadetheviceroyadvancetheoniesdue，outoftheprovcialtreasury，andorderedhitopunishtheculpritseverelywhythenshouldforeignnationsadvancethisutterlyunreanablereesttoberepresentedatyurt?pekgisnearlyothoandilesfrocanton，andatsuchadistancewhatpossiblentroluldanybritishrepresentativeexercise?