[32]howgreata插nhadtakenplacethecialstructureofthebyzantevillaisshownbytherecentlypubli射dland-registerofthebes,datgfrothesendhalfoftheeleventhcentury:nsvoronos,recherchessurlecadastrebyzantetlafiscalitéauxxieetxiiesiècles:lecadastredethèbes,paris1959whileaordgtotheashburnertreatisethebyzantevillawasaunityoffarrs,thelandregisterofthebeswefdavillawhichhasgoneovertothefeudalsyste,andthisiswhythisnewurceisiportantcfyarticle:&lso;vizantijskaseoskaopsta&rso;glassrpskeakadnaukaiutnosti210(1961),141ffatranslationofthearticle,&lso;launeruralebyzante&rso;,appearedb22(1962)139ff
[33]untilparativelyrecentlyonlyospecialiststudiesofiunitybyzantiuwereavailable:pjjakovenko,kistoriiiuitetavvizantii(onthehistoryofiunitybyzantiu),jurjev1908,andknpenskij,&lso;eksksija-iunitetvvizantijskojiperii&rso;(exkoseia-iunitythebyzanteepire),5523(191722),74-117itisonlythelastfewyearsthatoreattentionhasbeenpaidtothisproblecfbtgorjanov,&lso;pozdnevizantijskijiunitet&rso;(latebyzanteiunity),5511(1956),177-99,12(1957),97-116;gaostrogorskij,&lso;kistoriiiunitetavvizantii&rso;,5513(1958),35-106(frenchtranslation:&lso;pourl&rso;histoiredel&rso;iunitéàbyzance&rso;,b28(1958),165-254);frejdenberg,&lso;eksksijavvizantiiⅪ-Ⅻvv&rso;(exkoseiabyzantiutheeleventhandelfthcenturies),uczapvelikokskogogospedst3(1958),339-65;apkazdan,&lso;eksksijaieksksatyvvizantii10-Ⅻvv&rso;(exkoseiaandthosewhoenjoyediunitybyzantiufrothetenthtotheelfthcenturies),vizocerki(1961),186ff,andgorodiderevnja,178ff
[34]cfostrogorsky,paysannerie,25ff
[35]thefirst-knownpronoiarwasnstanteleichudescfscylitzes-cedren2,645,andzonaras3,670,therightsofthecentralauthoritywerensiderablyrestrictedbythegrantspronoia,asisshownbythefactthattheeperorisaacnenlateradeeveryattepttodepriveleichudesoftheestatesgrantedhipronoiabytheseventies,grantspronoiawerealreadybegadelarnubers;cfattaleiates200forfurtherdetailscfostrogorsky,laféodalité,20ff
[36]frocecaun39ff(eddvasiljevskijandjernstedt)itcanbededucedwithcertatythatthesysteoffargoutthetaxeswasalreadybegedundertheepigonioftheacedoniandynastycfostrogorsky,&lso;steuerde&rso;66f
[37]pgriern,&lso;thedebasentofthebezanttheeleventhcentury&rso;,bz47(1954),hasshownthatthedebasentofthebyzantenoisadidnotbeg,aswaspreviolysupposed,undernicephor3botaneiates,butasearlyasthereignofnstante9onoach
[38]scylitzes-cedren2,608;cfneuann,weltstelng69
[39]cfglykatzi-ahrweiler,recherches,23f
[40]cfgstadt&uul;ller,&lso;landverteidigungundsiedngspolitikiostroischenreich&rso;,bulletdel&rso;starchéolbulgare9(1935),396ffandespeciallyglykatzi-ahrweiler,recherches,67ff
[41]cfvasiljevskij,druza176ff,andvasiliev,&lso;theopengstasoftheanglo-saxoniigrationtobyzantiutheeleventhcentury&rso;,annalesdel&rso;stkondakov9(1937),39ffcftheiportantsupplentarynotestovasiliev&rso;spaperbyfdolr,bz38(1938),235f
[42]thescholae,theostdistgui射dguardsregintoftheiddlebyzanteperiod,islasttwith1068;cfattaleiates112,scylitzes-cedren2,674,andalste&rso;siportantrearksonthis(&lso;untersuchunn&rso;47ff)thenewtagatafordtheeleventhcenturyondisappearedcfglykatzi-ahrweiler,recherches,28f
[43]psels2,14(edrenauld),saidthatheandthat
[44]apkazdan,&lso;ioannavropod,pecenegiirskievseredeⅪv&rso;(johnauropo,patzaksandrsianstheid-eleventhcentury),zr518,1(1963)177ff,esaspeechbyjohnauropo,toshowthatthefirstpatzaksettlentthebalkansseestohaveourrednot1048,but1047oreven1046
[45]deadip,pp49ff(edoravcsik-jenks)。
[46]vasiljevskij,pecenegi1ffisstillfundantalonthepatzakscfaljarart,osteuropundostasiatstreifz&uul;(1903),63ff;dravskij,&lso;pecenegi,torkiiberendeinariivugrii&rso;(patzaks,torksandberendeirsiaandhungary),sekond6(1933),1ff,andfurtherbibliographyoravcsik,byzantoturcica1,2nded,89ffcfaltheobservationsofgoravcsiknstanteporphyronit,deadistrandoiperio,2,ntary,london1962,12ff
[47]thesignificanceofthiscircustancehasbeenspeciallyephasizedbyichel,kerullarios1,20ffand2,22ffhegoestoofar,however,atagthattherewasaschisbeeentheochurchesasearlyasthisperiodcriticissofthisviewarethereforejtified;cfespecially5laurent,eo35(1935),97ffbutitreastruethattheriftof1054wasonlytheculationofearlierdevelopntsonthebackgroundoftheschiscfal5grul,&lso;lespréliairesduschisdeichelcérureoulaestionroaeavant1054&rso;,reb10(1952),5ff